Brace technology thematic series: the 3D Rigo Chêneau-type brace

BACKGROUND Chêneau and Matthias introduced in 1979 a brace concept inspired in casting. The brace was initially named "CTM" from Chêneau-Toulouse-Münster. The name "CTM" is still popular in France but "Chêneau-type brace" is its common name in the rest of the world. Principles to construct this brace were originally based on anatomical descriptions rather than biomechanics, and its standard is poor. METHODS This paper follows the format of the "Brace technology thematic series." The Chêneau-type brace has been versioned by many authors. The contribution of the present authors is about to the description of the principles based on biomechanics and a specific classification created to help to standardize the brace design and construction. The classification also correlates with specific exercises (PSSE) according to the Barcelona School, using Schroth principles (BSPTS). This current authors' version has been named "3D Rigo Chêneau-type brace." The 3D principles are related to a detorsional mechanism created by forces and counterforces to bring the trunk into the best possible correction: (1) three-point system; (2) regional derotation; (3) sagittal alignment and balance. A custom-made TLS brace (thoracolumbosacral) is built in order to provide highly defined contact areas, which are located, shaped, and oriented in the space to generate the necessary vectors of force to correct in 3D. Expansion areas are also essential for tissue migration, growth, and breathing movements, although body reactions depend basically on how well designed are the contact areas. The brace is open in front and can be considered rigid and dynamic at the same time. RESULTS Blueprints for construction of the brace according to the revisited Rigo classification are fully described in this paper. CONCLUSIONS Different independent teams have published comparable outcomes by using Chêneau-type braces and versions in combination with specific exercises and following a similar scoliosis comprehensive care model. This present version is also supported by scientific results from several independent teams.